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International Journal of Advanced Academic Research
The systematic review focused on nutritional diseases, nutrient toxicities, nutrients deficiency diseases, and the diets for health living. Nutritional diseases include obesity and eating disorders, and chronic diseases such as protein-energy malnutrition (Kwashiorkor and marasmus), cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cancer (colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer), diabetes mellitus, dental caries. Others are gastroesophageal reflux disease, heartburn and peptic ulcer, diverticulitis (diverticulosis), constipation, diarrhea, Crohn disease (regional ileitis), ulcerative colitis,etc. Nutritional diseases also include some developmental abnormalities which can be prevented by diet, hereditary metabolic disorders which respond to dietary treatment, food allergies and intolerances, potential hazards in the food supply, and the interactions of foods and nutrients with drugs. The deficiencies or excesses of macronutrients and micronutrients are the cause of many diseases, and also exacerbate others and are acknowledged as having a significant impact on health all over the world. Some important micronutrients include calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, selenium, fluorine, potassium, etc., and vitamins A, D, E, B6, B12, B1, B2, B3, C, among others. Deficiencies of essential vitamins and minerals such as Vitamin A, zinc, and iron may be caused by long-term shortage of nutritious food or by many infections such as intestinal worms. They can also be caused or worsened when illnesses (such as malaria, diarrhoea) cause rapid loss of nutrients through vomit or feces. Dehydration (Water deficiency) may develop if consumption of water fails to satisfy thirst.Because of interactions, high intake of one mineral salt may adversely affect the absorption or the utilization of another. Excessive ingestion from food alone is not likely, but consumption of supplements or fortified foods increases the chance of toxicity. Additionally, occupational or environmental exposure to potentially toxic level of minerals presents additional risks for some populations. The acute effects of large alcohol intake are well known; a mental impairment starts when blood concentration of alcohol is approximately 0.05%. Women who drink during pregnancy stand the risks of physical and mental damage to their babies (known as fetal alcohol syndrome). Many herbal products show sufficient potential in preventing and treating diseases that they are being tested in scientific studies, including clinical and subclinical trials. Maintaining a healthy diet, paleolithic diet, very low carbohydrate diet, low-fat diet, low-calorie diet, raw foodism, and/or ketogenic diet, in addition to proper food hygiene, can help prevent and treat nutritional diseases, food allergies, food intolerance, and nutrient toxicities.
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